Review- notes

Mesopotamia

• Sumerian-oldest known civilization to live in what is now modern day Iraq
• Sumerian's gave us laws, writing, and the code of Hammurabi
• civilization died out 4,000 years ago
• Ziggurat- temple of Mesopotamia
• Garden of Eden was in Mesopotamia (Genesis 2:10-15)
• Climate was very hot
• between Mediterranean and Persian Gulf
• Mesopotamia was between the Tigris and Euphrates rivers
• Can't have civilization without oasis
• Up until the 19 century, didn't understand anything about Mesopotamia- only had Hebrew scriptures and some writings
• Ziggurat was excavated
• A "tel" tells you that you need something to dig for

Egypt

• Found King Tut's tomb at heart of valley of kings
• Death is the single most important thing about Egyptian culture
• Egypt spent so much time on mortuary cities, why?
• Pharoah was the god on earth of the Egyptians
• controlled the flood of the Nile river
• We all have a life force called the "ka"
• helps clarify concept of mummification
• Walls of tomb were covered in tombs in which the deceased like to do
• Organs were taken out, body was mummified
• Because "ka" was outside of the body
• Take heart for judging, weigh heart vs. feather, result determines where you go in the afterlife
• Nile river floods every year, produces good land for farming
• 4 months out of the year=flood of Nile
• Herodotus was the first Greek historian- "Egypt is a gift of the Nile."
• Nomadic hunters were the first ones in the Nile valley
• Over the next 2,000 years, and empire grew an prospered
• Nile goes through Africa, then cuts up and wanders through Egypt
• Egypt exists with along the Nile
• Pharaoh was responsible for the rise and fall of the Nile
• On-going universal cycle or the Nile oasis
• Flood tears apart land
• Heart is supposed to be lighter than the feather to go to the afterlife
• Primary sources were before Herodotus
• The ka was judged by the gods
• Egyptians probably do not still believe in the ka

Minoans

• Greek world was only a few countries
• Minoans lived on Crete
• Why did the Minoan world crumble?
• 3, 500 years ago, Thera (modern day Santorini) erupted
• city was filled with debris
• Volcano caused a tsunami, hits Crete
• ash was blasted into air, caused sulfurous gas
• ash, lava, and acid froze 36 kilometers into the air
• cloud stayed in atmosphere
• crops failed, drought
• fallout of sulfuric acid, spoiling land
• 3 cases why society collapsed
• invasions
• technology
• natural disasters

Mycenaeans

• Achilles and Agamemnon do not get along
• Hector was the champion of Troy
• How can the Trojan Horse story be related to the story of Troy?
• Horses can be symbolizing the earthquakes.
• Nobody believed Troy existed, until an archaeologist turned Troy into a map based on it
• Leads him to Turkey
• Finds Troy